What does the study of anthropology primarily focus on?

The study of anthropology primarily focuses on the lives and cultures of human beings. This discipline is deeply concerned with understanding the diverse ways in which human societies develop, function, and express themselves. Anthropology encompasses various aspects including social norms, traditions, rituals, beliefs, and customs, which collectively contribute to a culture's identity.

By examining both contemporary and historical cultures, anthropologists aim to provide insights into human behavior and social interactions. This holistic approach is what distinguishes anthropology from other social sciences, as it considers not only the social structures and institutions but also the cultural contexts that shape human experiences.

The other options, while related to social science, do not encapsulate the broad scope of anthropology. For instance, the focus on social structures or historical political systems may be studied within sociology or political science, respectively, but anthropology integrates these aspects within the larger framework of cultural understanding. Similarly, while economic status can certainly impact culture, it is just one facet among many that anthropology seeks to explore.