Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of power and inequality in society?

The perspective that emphasizes the role of power and inequality in society is Conflict Theory. This framework, primarily associated with theorists like Karl Marx, focuses on the struggles between different social classes and groups, highlighting how those in power maintain their advantages over others.

Conflict Theory posits that society is in a constant state of conflict due to competition for limited resources. It examines how societal structures contribute to inequality, exploring how power dynamics shape people's experiences and limit opportunities for certain groups, particularly marginalized communities. This perspective is crucial for understanding issues such as wealth distribution, social justice, and the mechanisms of oppression.

The other perspectives mentioned, while valuable, do not primarily address issues of power and inequality in the same way. Structural Functionalism looks at society as a complex system of interrelated parts that work together, often emphasizing stability and consensus rather than conflict. Social Exchange Theory focuses on the costs and benefits of social interactions, and Symbolic Interactionism examines day-to-day interactions and meanings rather than larger systemic inequalities. Thus, Conflict Theory is the most fitting choice when discussing power dynamics and inequality in society.